פורסם: 3 בדצמ׳ 2013, 12:45 על ידי: Sustainability Org
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עודכן 3 בדצמ׳ 2013, 12:51
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- Municipal Buildings
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Replace incandescent lights with compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) for
desk lamps and overhead lighting. Using CFLs instead of comparable
incandescent bulbs can save about 50 percent on your lighting costs.
CFLs use only one-fourth the energy and last up to 10 times longer.
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Switch off all unnecessary lights. Use dimmers, motion sensors, or
occupancy sensors to automatically turn off lighting when not in use to
reduce energy use and costs.
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Remember to turn off lights when you leave at night.
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Use natural lighting or daylighting. When feasible, turn off the lights that are near windows.
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Use task lighting. Instead of brightly lighting an entire room,
focus the light where you need it, to directly illuminate work areas.
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Lower hot water temperature. Unless you are washing clothes or
dishes, cooler water - about 120 degrees Fahrenheit - will do the job.
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Remember to use energy efficient ENERGY STAR® products whenever
possible. ENERGY STAR as a voluntary labeling program designed to
identify and promote energy-efficient products to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions.
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Close or adjust window blinds to block direct sunlight to reduce
cooling needs during warm months. Overhangs or exterior window covers
are most effective to block sunlight on south-facing windows.
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In the winter months, open blinds on south-facing windows during the
day to allow sunlight to naturally heat your workspace. At night, close
the blinds to reduce heat loss at night.
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Turn off your computer and monitors at the end of the workday
whenever possible. If you leave your desk for an extended time, turn
off your monitor. Unplug equipment that drains energy when not in use
(i.e. cell phone chargers, fans, coffeemakers, desktop printers, radios,
etc.). In particularly inefficient appliances, standby power use can
be as high as 20 watts, according to the Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory. "For a single appliance, this may not seem like much," the
laboratory's Web site says, "but when we add up the power use of the
billions of appliances in the U.S., the power consumption of appliances
that are not being used is substantial."
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Have a qualified professional perform an energy audit. Check with your utility company for names of auditors.
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Clean or change furnace filters once a month during the heating season.
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Insulate water heater hot water piping and tanks to reduce heat loss.
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Ensure HVAC ductwork is well insulated.
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Turn off heat and air conditioning at night, on weekends or other
times your business is closed. (With many systems, it's cheaper to heat
or recool at the start of each business day.)
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Install low-flow toilets and showerheads.
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To save gas: Drive the speed limit, accelerate and decelerate slower, and make sure tires are pumped up.
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Evaluate your utility bills. Separate electricity and fuel bills.
Target the largest energy consumer or the largest bill for energy
conservation measures.
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Use coffee mugs instead of disposable cups.
- Lighting
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Use today's energy efficient bulbs. They come in many sizes and
styles. Switch to fluorescent lights where you can. They produce four
times the light per watt as ordinary bulbs and, even though fluorescent
tubes cost more than incandescent bulbs, they last longer. Fluorescent
bulbs can take more energy to turn on when you first flip the switch,
but the energy savings outweigh the initial extra energy use --
especially when used in areas where lights are on for many hours per
day.
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Use low wattage light bulbs in halls and other places where no close-up tasks occur.
- Appliances
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Unplug equipment not in use. Electric chargers, televisions and
audio/video equipment use electricity and produce heat even when they
are not in use. Running an older refrigerator can use up to three times
the energy of a modern one. Unplug any appliance when it's not in use.
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Set your clothes washer to the warm or cold-water setting, not hot.
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Dry loads of clothing back to back, using the leftover heat. This reduces overall drying time and lowers energy costs.
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Turn your refrigerator down. Refrigerators account for about 20
percent of household electricity use. Use a thermometer to set your
refrigerator temperature as close to 37 degrees and your freezer as
close to 3 degrees as possible. Make sure that its energy saver switch
is turned on.
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Wipe any moisture off containers before putting them in the
refrigerator, and keep foods in the refrigerator covered. Moisture will
otherwise build up rapidly and you'll use more energy to remove it.
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Don't open the oven door to check on food any more than necessary.
Twenty-five percent of the heat escapes each time you do. Turn off the
oven about 15 to 20 minutes before the end of the cooking time. The
leftover heat will finish the job.
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Studies show electric dishwashers use less hot water than washing and
rinsing dishes by hand. When you purchase a dishwasher, look for one
with a short or light cycle. They require fewer fills and less hot
water. Some dishwashers use up to 40 percent less hot water per load,
and others allow you to reduce the temperature settings on your water
heater. Make sure your dishwasher is full when you run it.
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Keep pots and pans covered and use the right size pot or pan for the
size of your stove's burner. Use properly fitted lids to hold the heat
in.
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Don't place your refrigerator next to your stove or other sources of
heat. And allow adequate wall and cabinet clearance. Giving a
refrigerator or freezer "room to breathe" will let it operate more
efficiently and prevent premature burnout.
- Heating and Cooling
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Be careful not to overheat or overcool rooms. In the winter, set
your thermostat at 68 degrees in daytime, and 55 degrees at night. In
the summer, keep it at 78.
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Clean or replace air filters as recommended. Energy is lost when air
conditioners and hot-air furnaces have to work harder to draw air
through dirty filters.
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Keep your fireplace damper closed when there's no fire in the
fireplace. If you have glass fireplace doors, keep them closed as well.
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Keep shades closed when the air conditioner is on. Sunny windows
account for 40 percent of unwanted heat and can make your air
conditioner work two to three times harder.
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Insulate your walls and ceilings. This can save 20 to 30 percent of home heating bills.
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Keep radiators or vents clear of furniture or drapes. If the vent is
located inconveniently, install a deflector and direct the hot or cold
air right where you want it. They're inexpensive and easy to install.
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Cover bare ground beneath your home with a vapor barrier to keep
moisture from getting into your home. Polyethylene sheets work well.
Since a third of your air conditioner's energy is spent removing
moisture, vapor barriers can make a noticeable dent in your energy
bills.
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Keep out winter air by covering your window air conditioners tightly
on the inside with thick plastic or special air conditioner covers.
Weather-strip around the units to block drafts.
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Improve efficiency in winter by using ceiling fans set on reverse to
re-circulate heat that would otherwise build up near the ceiling.
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Plant deciduous trees like oak, maple, gum, ash and dogwood. They
lose their leaves in the winter, letting the sun through to warm your
home. In summer, their leaves shade your home. Plant shade trees to
the south, since that side gets the most sun.
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Evergreens are effective for blocking wind. Plant them in a staggered or double line to the northwest of your home.
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Weatherize your home or apartment, using caulk and weather stripping to plug air leaks around doors and windows.
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Improperly designed or installed duct systems can decrease comfort,
jeopardize indoor air quality, and increase operating costs. Even small
holes or loose seals in ductwork can account for as much as 30 percent
in lost energy.
- Heating Water
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Turn your gas water heater control valve to "pilot" when you're away from home for a week or more.
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Take showers instead of baths and use cooler water whenever possible.
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Use less hot water by installing low-flow showerheads.
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Turn down your water heater thermostat. Thermostats are often set to
140 degrees Fahrenheit when 120 degrees Fahrenheit is usually fine.
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Select the most energy-efficient models when you replace your old
appliances. Look for the Energy Star Label - your assurance that the
product saves. Buy the product that is sized to your typical needs -
not the biggest one available. Front loading washing machines will
usually cut hot water use by 60 to 70 percent compared to typical
machines.
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Wrap your water heater in an insulating jacket, which costs just $10
to $20. It can save 1,100 lbs. of CO2 per year for an electric water
heater, or 220 pounds for a gas heater.
- Other Tips for the Home
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Ask about Energy Efficient Mortgages, known as EEMs. They often
allow new homeowners to qualify for a larger mortgage with a lower
annual income due to the energy savings expected in homes built to
high-energy efficiency standards. Ask your real estate professional or
mortgage lender about EEMs.
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Reduce the amount of waste you produce by buying minimally packaged
goods, choosing reusable products over disposable ones, and recycling.
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Consider a Hybrid. Looking to buy a new car? Consider a hybrid,
which runs on a combination of a gasoline engine and electric motor.
Hybrids get up to 50 mpg compared with 15-25 mpg for typical vehicles.
Even better, walk, bike, carpool or take transit more often. You'll
save one pound of CO2 for every mile you don't drive.
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Kill the Energy "Vampires." TVs, video and DVD players, cable boxes,
chargers for phones, laptops, camera, handheld devices and other
electronic equipment found in nearly every American home are wasting
huge amounts of energy. When these devices are left plugged in or in
standby mode (e.g., computer "sleep" mode), they use about 40 percent of
their full running power. To avoid the drain of these energy
"vampires," plug them into a power strip and turn it off when they are
not in use.
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(Energy) Audit Your House. The greenhouse gas emissions of your
house are equivalent to two average automobiles. By making improvements
- sometimes as simple as fixing leaks, adding insulation and installing
a hot water heater blanket - you can reduce your energy use by 30 to 40
percent, and even cut it in half. Cutting your energy consumption by
even 25 percent is the equivalent of taking a car off the road for six
months each year, keeping three to four tons of CO2 out of the
atmosphere.
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Buy Local. Eat Fresh! Farmers' markets make it easy for you to buy
produce from local farmers. Produce that is grown and sold locally
avoids energy used to transport items from great distances. Many local
farmers also use organic growing methods.
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Put the Pressure On. Keep your tires inflated properly.
Under-inflated tires are energy drainers. This simple action can save
400-700 pounds of CO2 per year. Changing auto air filters regularly
also increases fuel efficiency. Accelerate slowly (don't lead foot it)
and drive the speed limit. Better yet, ditch the car and walk, bike or
take transit. Every gallon of gasoline you don't use keeps 20 pounds of
CO2 out of the atmosphere.
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Get an Electric Lawnmower. Surrender your gasoline lawnmower, which
is among the dirtiest of modern machines. Using your gasoline-powered
mower for one hour emits the same amount of pollution as driving a car
93 miles. Gas mowers emit a disproportionate amount of CO2, as well as
carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Replace your
gasoline lawnmower with an electric model or, better yet, a manual
mower. You'll build strength and reduce emissions.
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Plant a Tree. In the fall, gather acorns, chestnuts and seeds from
maples and other leafy trees and plant them in small pots at home. Keep
the saplings for four-five years, then plant them in your own garden,
offer them to friends as gifts, or return them to nature. Experiment
with different types of seeds. A single tree will absorb one ton of CO2
over its lifetime.
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Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. The manufacturing process produces an
average four-eight pounds of CO2 for every pound of manufactured
product. You'll save 2,400 pounds of CO2 per year by recycling half of
your household waste. Avoid plastic bags; take sturdy tote bags to the
grocery store. Reuse plastic grocery bags as trash can liners and tote
bags. Reuse take-out containers for plant saucers. Take a travel mug
to your favorite coffee shop. Reuse gift-wrap or use reusable gift
bags.
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Hang it Up. Clothes dryers are energy gluttons. To reduce energy
use, clean the lint filter after each load (improves air circulation and
speeds drying). Use the cool-down cycle, which uses residual heat to
complete the drying process. Better yet, abandon your dryer (or use it
less often) by hanging up your clothes. Apartment and condo dwellers
can buy a drying rack that fits into the bathtub or folds up into the
wall. Reduces CO2 emissions, and your clothes will last longer.
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